package git

ocaml-git -- Git format and protocol in pure OCaml

Support for on-disk and in-memory Git stores. Can read and write all the Git objects: blobs, trees, commits and tags. It can also handle pack files, pack indexes and index files (where the staging area lives - only for git-unix package).

All the objects share a consistent API, and convenience functions are provided to manipulate the different objects. For instance, it is possible to make a pack file position independent (as the Zlib compression might change the relative offsets between the packed objects), to generate pack indexes from pack files, or to expand the filesystem of a given commit.

The library comes with some command-line tools called ogit-* as a Proof-of-concept of the core library which shares a similar interface with git, but where all operations are mapped to the API exposed by ocaml-git (and hence using only OCaml code). However, these tools are not meant to be used. They are just examples of how to use ocaml-git.

ocaml-git wants to be a low-level library for irmin. By this fact, high-level commands such as a (patience) diff, git status, etc. are not implemented.

As a MirageOS project, ocaml-git is system agnostic. However, it provides a git-unix package which uses UNIX syscall and is able to introspect a usual Git repository in a filesystem. However, ocaml-git handles only Git objects and does not populate your filesystem as git does. For example, Git_unix.Sync.fetch does not give you files fetched from the repository but only synchronizes .git with that repository.

The API documentation is available online.

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Build, Install Instructions and Packages

To build and install the project, simply run:

$ opam install git
$ opam install git-unix
$ opam install git-mirage

Linking-trick

ocaml-git uses 2 libraries with the linking-trick:

• digestif
• checkseum

These libraries provide a C implementation and an OCaml implementation (mostly to be compatible with js_of_ocaml). However, utop or any a build-system such as ocamlbuild are not able to choose between these implementations. So, you must explicitely choose one.

These libraries use virtual-library available with dune. If your build-system is dune, you should not have any problem about that where dune is able to take the default implementation of these libraries.

What is supported

• The loose object files can be read and written;

  • blobs (files)
  • trees (directories)
  • commits (revision history)
  • tags (annotated tags)
  • references (branch names)
• The PACK files (collections of compressed loose objects using a binary-diff representation) and PACK indexes (indexes of pack files) can be read and written). The binary diff hunks are exposed using a high-level position-independent representation so that they can be manipulated more easily. Pack file can be created and is compressed.
• The INDEX file (used as for managing the staging area) are fully supported, which means that git diff and git status will work as expected on a repository created by the library. This feature is only available for git-unix when it needs to introspect a file-system.
• Cloning and fetching (using various options) are fully supported for the Git protocol, the smart-HTTP protocol and git+ssh. A subset of the protocol capabilities are implemented (mainly thin-pack, ofs-delta, side-band-64k and allow-reachable-sha1-in-want).
• Pushing is still experimental and needs more testing.

• An abstraction for Git Store Is available. Various store implementations are available:

  • An in-memory implementation;
  • A unix filesystem implementation;

What is not supported

• No server-side operations are currently supported.
• No GC.
• Updates, merge and rebase are not supported. Use irmin instead.

Performance

Performance is comparable to the Git tool.

Example

This utop example must run into the ocaml-git repository when the given path is ..

# ;; load necessary modules
# #require "checkseum.c" ;;
# #require "digestif.c" ;;
# #require "git-unix" ;;

# ;; we are going to use this project's local repository
# module Store = Git_unix.Store ;; 
module Store = Git_unix.Store

# ;; this module is useful for finding git objects in a git store
# module Search = Git.Search.Make (Digestif.SHA1) (Store) ;;
module Search :
  sig
    type hash = Store.hash
    type store = Store.t
    type pred =
        [ `Commit of hash
        | `Tag of string * hash
        | `Tree of string * hash
        | `Tree_root of hash ]
    val pred : store -> ?full:bool -> hash -> pred list Lwt.t
    type path =
        [ `Commit of path | `Path of string list | `Tag of string * path ]
    val mem : store -> hash -> path -> bool Lwt.t
    val find : store -> hash -> path -> hash option Lwt.t
  end

# ;; we want to read the contents of a blob under name [filename]
# let read filename =
  let open Lwt_result.Syntax in
  (* get store located in current root's .git folder *)
  let* store = Store.v (Fpath.v (Sys.getcwd ())) in
  (* find obj-id pointed at by main branch (reference) *)
  let* commit_id = Store.Ref.resolve store Git.Reference.main in
  let open Lwt.Syntax in
  (* find obj-id of of [filename] as a git blob *)
  let* blob_id = Search.find store commit_id (`Commit (`Path [ filename ])) in
  match blob_id with
  | None -> Lwt.return (Error (`Not_found commit_id))
  | Some hash ->
      (* read contents of the blob *)
      Store.read store hash
  ;;
val read : string -> (Store.Value.t, Store.error) Lwt_result.t = <fun>

# let pp =
  let ok ppf = function
    | Git.Value.Blob b -> Fmt.string ppf (Git.Blob.to_string b)
    | _ -> Fmt.string ppf "#git-object"
  in
  Fmt.result ~ok ~error:Store.pp_error;;
val pp : ('_weak1 Git.Value.t, Store.error) result Fmt.t = <fun>

# Lwt_main.run Lwt.Infix.(read "README.md" >|= pp Fmt.stdout) ;;

ocaml-git -- Git format and protocol in pure OCaml

Support for on-disk and in-memory Git stores. Can read and write all
the Git objects: the usual blobs, trees, commits and tags but also
the pack files, pack indexes and the index file (where the staging area
lives).

[...]

()

License

MIT, see LICENSE.md file for its text.