Type of I/O errors.

In IOError (n, exn), n is the number of bytes successfully read/written before the error and exn is the exception that occurred (e.g., Unix_error, End_of_file)

read ?min_len fd ?pos ?len bstr reads at least min_len (must be >= 0) and at most len (must be >= min_len) bytes from file descriptor fd, and writes them to bigstring bstr starting at position pos. Returns the number of bytes actually read.

read returns zero only if len = 0. If len > 0 and there's nothing left to read, read raises to indicate EOF even if min_len = 0.

NOTE: Even if len is zero, there may still be errors when reading from the descriptor!

Raises Invalid_argument if the designated ranges are out of bounds. Raises IOError in the case of input errors, or on EOF if the minimum length could not be read.

really_read fd ?pos ?len bstr reads len bytes from file descriptor fd, and writes them to bigstring bstr starting at position pos.

Raises Invalid_argument if the designated range is out of bounds. Raises IOError in the case of input errors, or on EOF.

really_recv sock ?pos ?len bstr receives len bytes from socket sock, and writes them to bigstring bstr starting at position pos. If len is zero, the function returns immediately without performing the underlying system call.

Raises Invalid_argument if the designated range is out of bounds. Raises IOError in the case of input errors, or on EOF.

recvfrom_assume_fd_is_nonblocking sock ?pos ?len bstr reads up to len bytes into bigstring bstr starting at position pos from socket sock without yielding to other OCaml-threads.

Returns the number of bytes actually read and the socket address of the client.

Raises Unix_error in the case of input errors. Raises Invalid_argument if the designated range is out of bounds.

read_assume_fd_is_nonblocking fd ?pos ?len bstr reads up to len bytes into bigstring bstr starting at position pos from file descriptor fd without yielding to other OCaml-threads. Returns the number of bytes actually read.

Raises Invalid_argument if the designated range is out of bounds.

pread_assume_fd_is_nonblocking fd ~offset ?pos ?len bstr reads up to len bytes from file descriptor fd at offset offset, and writes them to bigstring bstr starting at position pos. The fd must be capable of seeking, and the current file offset used for a regular read() is unchanged. Please see man pread for more information. Returns the number of bytes actually read.

Raises Invalid_argument if the designated range is out of bounds. Raises Unix_error in the case of input errors.

input ?min_len ic ?pos ?len bstr tries to read len bytes (guarantees to read at least min_len bytes, which must be >= 0 and <= len), if possible, before returning, from input channel ic, and writes them to bigstring bstr starting at position pos. Returns the number of bytes actually read.

NOTE: Even if len is zero, there may still be errors when reading from the descriptor, which will be done if the internal buffer is empty!

NOTE: If at least len characters are available in the input channel buffer and if len is not zero, data will only be fetched from the channel buffer. Otherwise data will be read until at least min_len characters are available.

Raises Invalid_argument if the designated range is out of bounds. Raises IOError in the case of input errors, or on premature EOF.

really_input ic ?pos ?len bstr reads exactly len bytes from input channel ic, and writes them to bigstring bstr starting at position pos.

Raises Invalid_argument if the designated range is out of bounds. Raises IOError in the case of input errors, or on premature EOF.

really_write fd ?pos ?len bstr writes len bytes in bigstring bstr starting at position pos to file descriptor fd.

Raises Invalid_argument if the designated range is out of bounds. Raises IOError in the case of output errors.

really_send_no_sigpipe sock ?pos ?len bstr sends len bytes in bigstring bstr starting at position pos to socket sock without blocking and ignoring SIGPIPE.

Raises Invalid_argument if the designated range is out of bounds. Raises IOError in the case of output errors.

really_send_no_sigpipe is not implemented on some platforms, in which case it returns an Error value indicating that it is unimplemented.

send_nonblocking_no_sigpipe sock ?pos ?len bstr tries to send len bytes in bigstring bstr starting at position pos to socket sock. Returns bytes_written.

Raises Invalid_argument if the designated range is out of bounds.

sendto_nonblocking_no_sigpipe sock ?pos ?len bstr sockaddr tries to send len bytes in bigstring bstr starting at position pos to socket sock using address addr. Returns bytes_written.

Raises Invalid_argument if the designated range is out of bounds.

write fd ?pos ?len bstr writes len bytes in bigstring bstr starting at position pos to file descriptor fd. Returns the number of bytes actually written.

Raises Invalid_argument if the designated range is out of bounds. Raises Unix_error in the case of output errors.

pwrite_assume_fd_is_nonblocking fd ~offset ?pos ?len bstr writes up to len bytes of bigstring bstr starting at position pos to file descriptor fd at position offset. The fd must be capable of seeking, and the current file offset used for non-positional read()/write() calls is unchanged. Returns the number of bytes written.

Raises Invalid_argument if the designated range is out of bounds. Raises Unix_error in the case of output errors.

write_assume_fd_is_nonblocking fd ?pos ?len bstr writes len bytes in bigstring bstr starting at position pos to file descriptor fd without yielding to other OCaml-threads. Returns the number of bytes actually written.

Raises Invalid_argument if the designated range is out of bounds. Raises Unix_error in the case of output errors.

writev fd ?count iovecs writes count iovecs of bigstrings to file descriptor fd. Returns the number of bytes written.

Raises Invalid_argument if count is out of range. Raises Unix_error in the case of output errors.

writev_assume_fd_is_nonblocking fd ?count iovecs writes count iovecs of bigstrings to file descriptor fd without yielding to other OCaml-threads. Returns the number of bytes actually written.

Raises Invalid_argument if the designated range is out of bounds. Raises Unix_error in the case of output errors.

sendmsg_nonblocking_no_sigpipe sock ?count iovecs sends count iovecs of bigstrings to socket sock. Returns Some bytes_written, or None if the operation would have blocked. This system call will not cause signal SIGPIPE if an attempt is made to write to a socket that was closed by the other side.

Raises Invalid_argument if count is out of range. Raises Unix_error in the case of output errors.

output ?min_len oc ?pos ?len bstr tries to output len bytes (guarantees to write at least min_len bytes, which must be >= 0), if possible, before returning, from bigstring bstr starting at position pos to output channel oc. Returns the number of bytes actually written.

NOTE: You may need to flush oc to make sure that the data is actually sent.

NOTE: If len characters fit into the channel buffer completely, they will be buffered. Otherwise writes will be attempted until at least min_len characters have been sent.

Raises Invalid_argument if the designated range is out of bounds.

Raises IOError in the case of output errors. The IOError argument counting the number of successful bytes includes those that have been transferred to the channel buffer before the error.

really_output oc ?pos ?len bstr outputs exactly len bytes from bigstring bstr starting at position pos to output channel oc.

Raises Invalid_argument if the designated range is out of bounds.

Raises IOError in the case of output errors. The IOError argument counting the number of successful bytes includes those that have been transferred to the channel buffer before the error.

unsafe_read_assume_fd_is_nonblocking fd ~pos ~len bstr is similar to Bigstring.read_assume_fd_is_nonblocking, but does not perform any bounds checks. Will crash on bounds errors!

unsafe_write fd ~pos ~len bstr is similar to Bigstring.write, but does not perform any bounds checks. Will crash on bounds errors!

unsafe_write_assume_fd_is_nonblocking fd ~pos ~len bstr is similar to Bigstring.write_assume_fd_is_nonblocking, but does not perform any bounds checks. Will crash on bounds errors!

unsafe_read ~min_len fd ~pos ~len bstr is similar to Bigstring.read, but does not perform any bounds checks. Will crash on bounds errors!

unsafe_really_recv sock ~pos ~len bstr is similar to Bigstring.really_recv, but does not perform any bounds checks. Will crash on bounds errors!

unsafe_really_write fd ~pos ~len bstr is similar to Bigstring.write, but does not perform any bounds checks. Will crash on bounds errors!

unsafe_really_send_no_sigpipe sock ~pos ~len bstr is similar to Bigstring.send, but does not perform any bounds checks. Will crash on bounds errors!

unsafe_send_nonblocking_no_sigpipe sock ~pos ~len bstr is similar to Bigstring.send_nonblocking_no_sigpipe, but does not perform any bounds checks. Will crash on bounds errors!

unsafe_writev fd iovecs count is similar to Bigstring.writev, but does not perform any bounds checks. Will crash on bounds errors!

unsafe_sendmsg_nonblocking_no_sigpipe fd iovecs count is similar to Bigstring.sendmsg_nonblocking_no_sigpipe, but does not perform any bounds checks. Will crash on bounds errors!

unsafe_input ~min_len ic ~pos ~len bstr is similar to Bigstring.input, but does not perform any bounds checks. Will crash on bounds errors!

unsafe_output ~min_len oc ~pos ~len bstr is similar to Bigstring.output, but does not perform any bounds checks. Will crash on bounds errors!

map_file shared fd n memory-maps n characters of the data associated with descriptor fd to a bigstring. Iff shared is true, all changes to the bigstring will be reflected in the file.

Users must keep in mind that operations on the resulting bigstring may result in disk operations which block the runtime. This is true for pure OCaml operations (such as t.{1} <- 1), and for calls to blit. While some I/O operations may release the OCaml lock, users should not expect this to be done for all operations on a bigstring returned from map_file.