package octez-libs
A package that contains multiple base libraries used by the Octez suite
Install
Dune Dependency
Authors
Maintainers
Sources
octez-19.0.tar.gz
sha256=c6df840ebbf115e454db949028c595bec558a59a66cade73b52a6d099d6fa4d4
sha512=d8aee903b9fe130d73176bc8ec38b78c9ff65317da3cb4f3415f09af0c625b4384e7498201fdb61aa39086a7d5d409d0ab3423f9bc3ab989a680cf444a79bc13
doc/src/octez-libs.crypto-dal/cryptobox.ml.html
Source file cryptobox.ml
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(*****************************************************************************) (* *) (* Open Source License *) (* Copyright (c) 2022 Nomadic Labs <contact@nomadic-labs.com> *) (* *) (* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a *) (* copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),*) (* to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation *) (* the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, *) (* and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the *) (* Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: *) (* *) (* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included *) (* in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. *) (* *) (* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR*) (* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, *) (* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL *) (* THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER*) (* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING *) (* FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER *) (* DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. *) (* *) (*****************************************************************************) open Error_monad include Cryptobox_intf open Kzg.Bls module FFT = Kzg.Utils.FFT module Degree_check = Kzg.Degree_check module Kate_amortized = Kzg.Kate_amortized module Base58 = Tezos_crypto.Base58 type error += Failed_to_load_trusted_setup of string let () = register_error_kind `Permanent ~id:"dal.node.trusted_setup_loading_failed" ~title:"Trusted setup loading failed" ~description:"Trusted setup failed to load" ~pp:(fun ppf msg -> Format.fprintf ppf "Trusted setup failed to load: %s" msg) Data_encoding.(obj1 (req "msg" string)) (function | Failed_to_load_trusted_setup parameter -> Some parameter | _ -> None) (fun parameter -> Failed_to_load_trusted_setup parameter) [@@coverage off] type initialisation_parameters = {srs_g1 : Srs_g1.t; srs_g2 : Srs_g2.t} (* Initialisation parameters are supposed to be instantiated once. *) let initialisation_parameters = ref None type error += Dal_initialisation_twice let () = register_error_kind `Permanent ~id:"dal.node.initialisation_twice" ~title:"Initialisation_twice" ~description:"DAL parameters were initialised twice" ~pp:(fun ppf () -> Format.fprintf ppf "DAL parameters were initialised twice") Data_encoding.empty (function Dal_initialisation_twice -> Some () | _ -> None) (function () -> Dal_initialisation_twice) [@@coverage off] (* This function is expected to be called once. *) let load_parameters parameters = let open Result_syntax in match !initialisation_parameters with | None -> initialisation_parameters := Some parameters ; return_unit | Some _ -> fail [Dal_initialisation_twice] (* FIXME https://gitlab.com/tezos/tezos/-/issues/3400 An integrity check is run to ensure the validity of the files. *) let initialisation_parameters_from_files ~srs_g1_path ~srs_g2_path ~srs_size_log2 = let open Lwt_result_syntax in let len = 1 lsl srs_size_log2 in let to_bigstring ~path = let open Lwt_syntax in let* fd = Lwt_unix.openfile path [Unix.O_RDONLY] 0o440 in Lwt.finalize (fun () -> return (match Lwt_bytes.map_file ~fd:(Lwt_unix.unix_file_descr fd) ~shared:false () with | exception Unix.Unix_error (error_code, function_name, _) -> Error [ Failed_to_load_trusted_setup (Format.sprintf "%s: Unix.Unix_error: %s" function_name (Unix.error_message error_code)); ] | exception e -> Error [Failed_to_load_trusted_setup (Printexc.to_string e)] | res -> Ok res)) (fun () -> Lwt_unix.close fd) in let* srs_g1_bigstring = to_bigstring ~path:srs_g1_path in let* srs_g2_bigstring = to_bigstring ~path:srs_g2_path in match let open Result_syntax in let* srs_g1 = Srs_g1.of_bigstring srs_g1_bigstring ~len in let* srs_g2 = Srs_g2.of_bigstring srs_g2_bigstring ~len in return (srs_g1, srs_g2) with | Error (`End_of_file s) -> tzfail (Failed_to_load_trusted_setup ("EOF: " ^ s)) | Error (`Invalid_point p) -> tzfail (Failed_to_load_trusted_setup (Printf.sprintf "Invalid point %i" p)) | Ok (srs_g1, srs_g2) -> return {srs_g1; srs_g2} (* The srs is made of the initialisation_parameters and two well-choosen points. Building the srs from the initialisation parameters is almost cost-free. *) type srs = { raw : initialisation_parameters; kate_amortized_srs_g2_shards : G2.t; kate_amortized_srs_g2_pages : G2.t; } module Inner = struct module Commitment = struct include Kzg.Commitment.Single type Tezos_crypto.Base58.data += Data of t let b58check_encoding = Tezos_crypto.Base58.register_encoding ~prefix:Tezos_crypto.Base58.Prefix.slot_header ~length:size ~to_raw:to_string ~of_raw:of_string_opt ~wrap:(fun x -> Data x) [@@coverage off] let raw_encoding = encoding [@@coverage off] include Tezos_crypto.Helpers.Make (struct type t = Kzg.Commitment.Single.t let name = "DAL_commitment" let title = "Commitment representation for the DAL" let b58check_encoding = b58check_encoding let raw_encoding = raw_encoding let compare = compare let equal = equal let hash _ = (* The commitment is not hashed. This is ensured by the function exposed. We only need the Base58 encoding and the rpc_arg. *) assert false [@@coverage off] let seeded_hash _ _ = (* Same argument. *) assert false [@@coverage off] end) let of_b58check = of_b58check end module Commitment_proof = Degree_check.Proof type slot = bytes type scalar = Scalar.t type polynomial = Poly.t type commitment = Commitment.t type shard_proof = Commitment_proof.t type commitment_proof = Commitment_proof.t type page_proof = Commitment_proof.t type page = bytes type shard = {index : int; share : share} type shards_proofs_precomputation = Kate_amortized.preprocess type ('a, 'b) error_container = {given : 'a; expected : 'b} module Encoding = struct open Data_encoding let page_proof_encoding = Commitment_proof.encoding let = array Scalar.encoding let shard_proof_encoding = Commitment_proof.encoding let shard_encoding = conv (fun {index; } -> (index, share)) (fun (index, ) -> {index; share}) (tup2 int31 share_encoding) [@@coverage off] let shards_proofs_precomputation_encoding = Kate_amortized.preprocess_encoding let error_container_encoding (given_encoding : 'a encoding) (expected_encoding : 'b encoding) : ('a, 'b) error_container encoding = conv (fun {given; expected} -> (given, expected)) (fun (given, expected) -> {given; expected}) (obj2 (req "given" given_encoding) (req "expected" expected_encoding)) end include Encoding type error += Invalid_precomputation_hash of (string, string) error_container let () = register_error_kind `Permanent ~id:"dal.node.invalid_precomputation_hash" ~title:"Invalid_precomputation_hash" ~description:"Unexpected precomputation hash" ~pp:(fun ppf {given; expected} -> Format.fprintf ppf "Invalid precomputation hash: expected %s. Got %s" expected given) (Encoding.error_container_encoding Data_encoding.string Data_encoding.string) (function Invalid_precomputation_hash err -> Some err | _ -> None) (function err -> Invalid_precomputation_hash err) [@@coverage off] (* Number of bytes fitting in a Scalar.t. Since scalars are integer modulo r~2^255, we restrict ourselves to 248-bit integers (31 bytes). *) let scalar_bytes_amount = Scalar.size_in_bytes - 1 (* Builds group of nth roots of unity, a valid domain for the FFT. *) let make_domain n = Domain.build n type t = { redundancy_factor : int; slot_size : int; page_size : int; number_of_shards : int; (* Maximum length of the polynomial representation of a slot, also called [polynomial_length] in the comments. *) max_polynomial_length : int; (* Length of the erasure-encoded polynomial representation of a slot, also called [erasure_encoded_polynomial_length] in the comments. *) erasure_encoded_polynomial_length : int; domain_polynomial_length : Domain.t; (* Domain for the FFT on slots as polynomials to be erasure encoded. *) domain_2_times_polynomial_length : Domain.t; domain_erasure_encoded_polynomial_length : Domain.t; (* Domain for the FFT on erasure encoded slots (as polynomials). *) shard_length : int; (* Length of a shard in terms of scalar elements. *) pages_per_slot : int; (* Number of slot pages. *) page_length : int; page_length_domain : int; remaining_bytes : int; (* Log of the number of evaluations that constitute an erasure encoded polynomial. *) srs : srs; kate_amortized : Kate_amortized.public_parameters; } let is_power_of_two = Kzg.Utils.is_power_of_two (* The page size is a power of two and thus not a multiple of [scalar_bytes_amount], hence the + 1 to account for the remainder of the division. *) let page_length ~page_size = Int.div page_size scalar_bytes_amount + 1 (* [slot_as_polynomial_length ~slot_size ~page_size] returns the length of the polynomial of maximal degree representing a slot of size [slot_size] with [slot_size / page_size] pages. The returned length thus depends on the number of pages. *) let slot_as_polynomial_length ~slot_size ~page_size = let page_length = page_length ~page_size in let page_length_domain, _, _ = FFT.select_fft_domain page_length in slot_size / page_size * page_length_domain let ensure_validity ~slot_size ~page_size ~redundancy_factor ~number_of_shards ~srs_g1_length ~srs_g2_length = let open Result_syntax in let assert_result condition error_message = if not condition then fail (`Fail (error_message ())) else return_unit in let max_polynomial_length = slot_as_polynomial_length ~slot_size ~page_size in let erasure_encoded_polynomial_length = redundancy_factor * max_polynomial_length in let* () = assert_result (number_of_shards > 0) (fun () -> Format.asprintf "The number of shards must be a strictly positive integer. Given: \ %d" number_of_shards) in let shard_length = erasure_encoded_polynomial_length / number_of_shards in let* () = assert_result (is_power_of_two slot_size) (* According to the specification the length of a slot are in MiB *) (fun () -> Format.asprintf "Slot size is expected to be a power of 2. Given: %d" slot_size) in let* () = assert_result (is_power_of_two page_size) (* According to the specification the lengths of a page are in MiB *) (fun () -> Format.asprintf "Page size is expected to be a power of 2. Given: %d" page_size) in let* () = assert_result (is_power_of_two redundancy_factor && redundancy_factor >= 2) (* The redundancy factor should be a power of 2 so that n is a power of 2 for proper FFT sizing. The variable [polynomial_length] is assumed to be a power of 2 as the output of [slot_as_polynomial_length]. *) (fun () -> Format.asprintf "Redundancy factor is expected to be a power of 2 and greater than \ 2. Given: %d" redundancy_factor) in (* At this point [erasure_encoded_polynomial_length] is a power of 2, and [erasure_encoded_polynomial_length > max_polynomial_length]. *) let* () = assert_result (page_size >= 32 && page_size < slot_size) (* The size of a page must be greater than 31 bytes (32 > 31 is the next power of two), the size in bytes of a scalar element, and strictly less than the slot size. *) (fun () -> Format.asprintf "Page size is expected to be greater than '32' and strictly less \ than the slot_size '%d'. Got: %d" slot_size page_size) in let max_two_adicity_log = 32 in let two_adicity_log = snd Z.(remove (of_int erasure_encoded_polynomial_length) (of_int 2)) in let* () = assert_result (two_adicity_log <= max_two_adicity_log) (* The 2-adicity of [erasure_encoded_polynomial_length] must be at most 2^32, the size of the biggest subgroup of 2^i roots of unity in the multiplicative group of Fr, because the FFTs operate on such groups. *) (fun () -> Format.asprintf "Slot size (%d) and/or redundancy factor (%d) is/are too high: \ expected 2-adicity of erasure_encoded_polynomial_length (%d) to \ be at most 2^%d, got: 2^%d" slot_size redundancy_factor erasure_encoded_polynomial_length max_two_adicity_log two_adicity_log) in let* () = assert_result (erasure_encoded_polynomial_length mod number_of_shards == 0 && number_of_shards < erasure_encoded_polynomial_length) (* The number of shards must divide n, so [number_of_shards <= erasure_encoded_polynomial_length]. Moreover, the inequality is strict because if [number_of_shards = erasure_encoded_polynomial_length], the domains for the FFT contain only one element and we cannot build FFT domains with only one element. Given that [erasure_encoded_polynomial_length] is a power of two, it follows that the maximum number of shards is [erasure_encoded_polynomial_length/2]. *) (fun () -> Format.asprintf "The number of shards must divide, and not be equal to %d. For the \ given parameter, the maximum number of shards is %d. Got: %d." erasure_encoded_polynomial_length (erasure_encoded_polynomial_length / 2) number_of_shards) in let* () = assert_result (shard_length < max_polynomial_length) (* Since shard_length = n / number_of_shards, we obtain (all quantities are positive integers): shard_length < k => n / number_of_shards < k => n / k < number_of_shards => redundancy_factor < number_of_shards since number_of_shards is a power of 2 the minimum value for number_of_shards is 2 * redundancy_factor. *) (fun () -> Format.asprintf "For the given parameters, the minimum number of shards is %d. Got \ %d." (redundancy_factor * 2) number_of_shards) in let* () = assert_result (max_polynomial_length <= srs_g1_length) (* The committed polynomials have degree t.max_polynomial_length - 1 at most, so t.max_polynomial_length coefficients. *) (fun () -> Format.asprintf "SRS on G1 size is too small. Expected more than %d. Got %d. Hint: \ you can reduce the size of a slot." max_polynomial_length srs_g1_length) in let* () = assert_result (let shard_length = erasure_encoded_polynomial_length / number_of_shards in let srs_g2_expected_length = max max_polynomial_length shard_length + 1 in srs_g2_expected_length <= srs_g2_length) (fun () -> Format.asprintf "SRS on G2 size is too small. Expected more than %d. Got %d. Hint: \ you can increase the number of shards/number of pages." max_polynomial_length srs_g2_length) in let domain_length = 2 * max_polynomial_length / shard_length in let* () = assert_result (domain_length <> 0 && domain_length land (domain_length - 1) = 0) (* The computation of shard proofs further require the [domain_length] to be a power of two for correct FFT sizing, even though we could relax the constraint to a product of primes dividing the order of the group G1 thanks to the Prime Factorization Algorithm, as we currently do with the FFTs on scalar elements, if the need arises. *) (fun () -> (* [domain_length = 2 * max_polynomial_length / shard_length = 2 * max_polynomial_length / (redundancy_factor * max_polynomial_length / number_of_shards) = 2 * number_of_shards / redundancy_factor] *) Format.asprintf "The ratio (2 * number of shards / redundancy factor) must be a \ power of two. Got 2 * %d / %d = %d" number_of_shards redundancy_factor domain_length) in assert_result (max_polynomial_length mod shard_length = 0) (fun () -> Format.asprintf "The length of a shard must divide %d. Got %d" max_polynomial_length shard_length) type parameters = Dal_config.parameters = { redundancy_factor : int; page_size : int; slot_size : int; number_of_shards : int; } let parameters_encoding = Dal_config.parameters_encoding let pages_per_slot {slot_size; page_size; _} = slot_size / page_size (* Error cases of this functions are not encapsulated into `tzresult` for modularity reasons. *) let make ({redundancy_factor; slot_size; page_size; number_of_shards} as parameters) = let open Result_syntax in let max_polynomial_length = slot_as_polynomial_length ~slot_size ~page_size in let erasure_encoded_polynomial_length = redundancy_factor * max_polynomial_length in let shard_length = erasure_encoded_polynomial_length / number_of_shards in let* raw = match !initialisation_parameters with | None -> fail (`Fail "Dal_cryptobox.make: DAL was not initialised.") | Some srs -> return srs in let* () = ensure_validity ~slot_size ~page_size ~redundancy_factor ~number_of_shards ~srs_g1_length:(Srs_g1.size raw.srs_g1) ~srs_g2_length:(Srs_g2.size raw.srs_g2) in let page_length = page_length ~page_size in let page_length_domain, _, _ = FFT.select_fft_domain page_length in let srs = { raw; kate_amortized_srs_g2_shards = Srs_g2.get raw.srs_g2 shard_length; kate_amortized_srs_g2_pages = Srs_g2.get raw.srs_g2 page_length_domain; } in return { redundancy_factor; slot_size; page_size; number_of_shards; max_polynomial_length; erasure_encoded_polynomial_length; domain_polynomial_length = make_domain max_polynomial_length; domain_2_times_polynomial_length = make_domain (2 * max_polynomial_length); domain_erasure_encoded_polynomial_length = make_domain erasure_encoded_polynomial_length; shard_length; pages_per_slot = pages_per_slot parameters; page_length; page_length_domain; remaining_bytes = page_size mod scalar_bytes_amount; srs; kate_amortized = { max_polynomial_length; shard_length; srs_g1 = srs.raw.srs_g1; number_of_shards; }; } let parameters ({redundancy_factor; slot_size; page_size; number_of_shards; _} : t) = {redundancy_factor; slot_size; page_size; number_of_shards} [@@coverage off] let polynomial_degree = Poly.degree let polynomial_evaluate = Poly.evaluate (* [polynomials_multiplication d ps] computes the product of the polynomials [ps]. The degree of the resulting product must be strictly less than the size of the domain [d]. Runtime is [O(n log n)] where [n = Domains.length d]. *) let polynomials_product d ps = let evaluations = List.map (FFT.fft d) ps in FFT.ifft_inplace d (Evals.mul_c ~evaluations ()) (* We encode by pages of [page_size] bytes each. The pages are arranged in cosets to produce batched KZG proofs [https://www.iacr.org/archive/asiacrypt2010/6477178/6477178.pdf] using the technique described in https://eprint.iacr.org/2023/033. *) let polynomial_from_slot (t : t) slot = (* Expects the length of the byte sequence to equal the slot size. This can be achieved by adding some padding with null bytes to the byte sequence if the length is strictly less than the slot size, or truncate it if the length is strictly greater than the slot size. *) if Bytes.length slot <> t.slot_size then Error (`Slot_wrong_size (Printf.sprintf "message must be %d bytes long" t.slot_size)) else let offset = ref 0 in let coefficients = Array.init t.max_polynomial_length (fun _ -> Scalar.(copy zero)) in (* A slot is subdivided into contiguous segments, called pages. The length of a page divides the slot size, that is: [t.page_size * t.pages_per_slot = t.slot_size] We parse the slot page by page. *) for page = 0 to t.pages_per_slot - 1 do (* A permutation (so a bijection) is then applied to the elements from a page. The code applies the permutation to a scalar element just after it is read from the page, but it is easier to picture it as two successive steps: 1. a serialization phase where pages are converted to sequences of scalar elements, which is injective: if two outputs for two slots are equal, then the slots are equal since we’re just splitting a page into chunks of [scalar_bytes_amount] bytes and a last one of [t.remaining_bytes] bytes. Parse the byte sequence slot = page_0 ... page_{t.pages_per_slot-1} page by page by chunks of [scalar_bytes_amount], or [t.remaining_bytes] for the last page chunk. to obtain the vector of length [polynomial_length = t.page_length * t.pages_per_slot] (chunk p_i^j standing for i-th chunk of page j): [ p_0^0 p_1^0 ... p_{page_length-1}^0 .... p_0^{t.pages_per_slot-1} ... p_{page_length-1}^{t.pages_per_slot-1}] 2. then apply the permutation, reindexing the page elements so that their indices correspond to the appropriate coset. [ p_0^0 p_0^1 ... p_0^{t.pages_per_slot-1} ... p_{page_length-1}^0 p_{page_length-1}^1 ... p_{t.page_length-1}^{t.pages_per_slot-1}] For a primitive k-th root of unity, the group generated by w, <w>, can be split into cosets <w> = Disjoint union_{j=0, ..., t.pages_per_slot - 1} w^j W where W = { w^{t.pages_per_slot * i} }_{i=0, ..., t.page_length - 1}. This way, the indices of the coefficients for each page j=0, ..., t.pages_per_slot-1 coincide with the indices of the elements of the cosets (w^j W). Indeed, the coefficients of the elements of w^j W are {i * t.pages_per_slot + j}_{i=0, ..., t.page_length-1}. *) for elt = 0 to t.page_length - 2 do (* [!offset >= t.slot_size] because we don't want to read past the buffer [slot] bounds. *) if !offset >= t.slot_size then () else let dst = Bytes.create scalar_bytes_amount in Bytes.blit slot !offset dst 0 scalar_bytes_amount ; offset := !offset + scalar_bytes_amount ; (* Apply the permutation. *) coefficients.((elt * t.pages_per_slot) + page) <- Scalar.of_bytes_exn dst done ; let dst = Bytes.create t.remaining_bytes in Bytes.blit slot !offset dst 0 t.remaining_bytes ; offset := !offset + t.remaining_bytes ; (* Apply the permutation. *) coefficients.(((t.page_length - 1) * t.pages_per_slot) + page) <- Scalar.of_bytes_exn dst done ; (* The resulting vector is then interpolated. Polynomial interpolation is a linear bijection (as a ring isomorphism) between k-tuples of scalar elements and polynomials of degree < k with coefficients in the scalar field. Thus [polynomial_from_slot] is an injection from slots to polynomials (as composition preserves injectivity). *) Ok (FFT.ifft_inplace (Domain.build t.max_polynomial_length) (Evals.of_array (t.max_polynomial_length - 1, coefficients))) (* [polynomial_to_slot] is the left-inverse function of [polynomial_from_slot]. *) let polynomial_to_slot t p = (* The last operation of [polynomial_from_slot] is the interpolation, so we undo it with an evaluation on the same domain [t.domain_polynomial_length]. *) let evaluations = FFT.fft (Domain.build t.max_polynomial_length) p in let slot = Bytes.make t.slot_size '\x00' in let offset = ref 0 in (* Reverse permutation from [polynomial_from_slot]. *) for page = 0 to t.pages_per_slot - 1 do for elt = 0 to t.page_length - 2 do let idx = (elt * t.pages_per_slot) + page in let coeff = Scalar.to_bytes (Evals.get evaluations idx) in Bytes.blit coeff 0 slot !offset scalar_bytes_amount ; offset := !offset + scalar_bytes_amount done ; let idx = ((t.page_length - 1) * t.pages_per_slot) + page in let coeff = Scalar.to_bytes (Evals.get evaluations idx) in Bytes.blit coeff 0 slot !offset t.remaining_bytes ; offset := !offset + t.remaining_bytes done ; slot (* Encoding a message P = (P_0, ... ,P_{k-1}) amounts to evaluate its associated polynomial P(x)=sum_{i=0}^{k-1} P_i x^i at the evaluation points [t.domain_erasure_encoded_polynomial_length]. This can be achieved with an n-points discrete Fourier transform supported by the [Scalar] field in time O(n log n). *) let encode t p = Evals.to_array (FFT.fft (Domain.build t.erasure_encoded_polynomial_length) p) (* The shards are arranged in cosets to produce batches of KZG proofs for the shards efficiently. The domain of evaluation <w> is split into cosets: <w> = Disjoint union_{i in ⟦0, t.number_of_shards-1⟧} W_i, where W_0 = {w^{t.number_of_shards * j}}_{j in ⟦0, t.shard_length-1⟧} and W_i = w^i W_0 (|W_0|=t.shard_length). *) let shards_from_polynomial t p = let codeword = encode t p in let rec loop index seq = if index < 0 then seq else (* For each shard index [index], a [share] consists of the elements from [codeword] of indices w^index W_0. A shard consists of its [index] and associated [share]. *) let = Array.init t.shard_length (fun _ -> Scalar.(copy zero)) in for j = 0 to t.shard_length - 1 do share.(j) <- codeword.((t.number_of_shards * j) + index) done ; loop (index - 1) (Seq.cons {index; share} seq) in loop (t.number_of_shards - 1) Seq.empty module ShardSet = Set.Make (struct type t = shard let compare a b = Int.compare a.index b.index end) let t = (* FIXME: https://gitlab.com/tezos/tezos/-/issues/4289 Improve shard size computation *) let = t.erasure_encoded_polynomial_length / t.number_of_shards in (share_scalar_len * Scalar.size_in_bytes) + 4 (* Let w be a primitive [t.erasure_encoded_polynomial_length]-th root of unity, where [t.max_polynomial_length] and [t.erasure_encoded_polynomial_length = t.redundancy_factor * t.max_polynomial_length] divide [Scalar.order - 1]. Let F be a finite field, and in this context we use the prime field [Scalar]. We can decode a codeword c from RS(n, k, (w^i)_i) ≔ { (P(w^i))_{i in ⟦0, n-1⟧} | P in F[x] /\ deg P < k } with at least k components of c. By decode we mean finding the underlying message represented by the polynomial P such that c=(P(w^i))_{i in ⟦0, n-1⟧} with at least k components of c. Without loss of generality, let c̃ = (c_0, ..., c_{k-1}) be the received codeword with erasures, i.e., the first k components of a codeword. We can retrieve the original message with any k components of c thanks to the Lagrange interpolation polynomial P(x) defined as follows, where the x_i=w^i are the evaluation points of c̃: P(x) = sum_{i=0}^{k-1} c_i prod_{j=0, j != i}^{k-1} (x-x_j)/(x_i - x_j). As detailed in https://arxiv.org/pdf/0907.1788v1.pdf, the idea is to rewrite P(x) as a product of two polynomials A(x) and B(x) so that the convolution theorem allows us to recover P(x) using FFTs in O(n log n). Asymptotic complexity is O(n log n). *) let polynomial_from_shards t shards = let shards = (* We always consider the first k codeword vector components, the ShardSet allows collecting distinct indices. [Seq.take] doesn't raise any exceptions as t.max_polynomial_length / t.shard_length is (strictly) positive. [t.max_polynomial_length / t.shard_length] is strictly less than [t.number_of_shards]. Indeed, [t.shard_length = t.erasure_encoded_polynomial_length / t.number_of_shards] where [t.erasure_encoded_polynomial_length = t.max_polynomial_length * t.redundancy_factor] and [t.redundancy_factor > 1]. Thus, [t.max_polynomial_length / t.shard_length = t.number_of_shards / t.redundancy_factor < t.number_of_shards]. Here, all variables are positive integers, and [t.redundancy_factor] divides [t.number_of_shards], [t.number_of_shards] divides [t.erasure_encoded_polynomial_length]. *) Seq.take (t.max_polynomial_length / t.shard_length) shards |> ShardSet.of_seq in (* There should be [t.max_polynomial_length / t.shard_length] distinct shard indices. *) if t.max_polynomial_length / t.shard_length > ShardSet.cardinal shards then Error (`Not_enough_shards (Printf.sprintf "there must be at least %d shards to decode" (t.max_polynomial_length / t.shard_length))) else if ShardSet.exists (fun {; _} -> Array.length share <> t.shard_length) shards then Error (`Invalid_shard_length (Printf.sprintf "At least one shard of invalid length: expected length %d." t.shard_length)) else if ShardSet.exists (fun {index; _} -> index >= t.number_of_shards || index < 0) shards then Error (`Shard_index_out_of_range (Printf.sprintf "At least one shard index out of range: expected indices within \ the range [%d, %d]." 0 (t.number_of_shards - 1))) else (* 1. Computing A(x) = prod_{i=0}^{k-1} (x - x_i). Let A(x) ≔ prod_{i=0}^{k-1} (x-x_i) and A_i(x) ≔ prod_{j=0, j != i}^{k-1} (x-x_j). Let n_i ≔ c_i / A_i(x_i). The interpolation polynomial becomes: P(x) = A(x) sum_{i=0}^{k-1} c_i / ((x - x_i) A_i(x_i)) = A(x) sum_{i=0}^{k-1} n_i / (x - x_i). Note that A_i(x_i) != 0 by definition, so it is invertible in the [Scalar] field. *) (* The codewords are split into chunks called shards. For this purpose, let [t.shard_length=t.n/t.number_of_shards] be the length of a shard, and w a primitive n-th root of unity. The domain of evaluation <w> is then split into cosets: <w> = Disjoint union_{i in ⟦0, t.number_of_shards-1⟧} W_i, where W_0 = {w^{t.number_of_shards * j}}_{j in ⟦0, t.shard_length-1⟧} and W_i = w^i W_0 (|W_0|=t.shard_length). For a set of [t.max_polynomial_length / shard_length] shard indices Z subseteq {0, t.number_of_shards-1}, we reorganize the product A(x)=prod_{i=0}^{k-1} (x-x_i) into A(x) = prod_{i in Z, |Z|=t.max_polynomial_length/t.shard_length} Z_i where Z_i = prod_{w' in W_i} (x - w'). We notice that Z_0(x)=x^{|W_0|}-1 (as its roots are the elements of a group of order dividing |W_0|) entails Z_i(x)=x^{|W_0|}-w^{i*|W_0|} (multiplying all terms by a constant w^i in an integral domain), which is a sparse polynomial. This special form for Z_i(x) allows us to compute the product of the Z_i(x)s more efficiently with the [mul_xn] function, which multiplies an arbitrary polynomial P with a polynomial of the form Z_i(x) in time linear in (degree P + degree Z_i(x)). Thus A(x) = prod_{i in Z, |Z|=k/l} x^{|W_0|}-w^{i*|W_0|}. More formally: every element of W_i is of the form w^i w^{t.number_of_shards j} for j in ⟦0, t.shard_length-1⟧. Thus Z_i(w^i w^{s j}) = (w^i w^{s j})^{|W_0|}-w^{i*|W_0|} = (w^i)^{|W_0|} (w^{s j})^{|W_0|} - w^{i*|W_0|} = w^{i * |W_0|} * 1 - w^{i*|W_0|}=0. So every element of W_i is a root of Z_i(x). Moreover, Z_i(x) is a degree |W_0|=t.shard_length polynomial so has at most [t.shard_length] roots: Z_i(x)'s only roots are W_i [mul acc i] computes the polynomial acc * Z_i. *) let mul acc i = (* The complexity of [mul_xn] is linear in [Polynomials.degree acc + t.shard_length]. *) Poly.mul_xn acc t.shard_length (Scalar.negate (Domain.get t.domain_erasure_encoded_polynomial_length (i * t.shard_length))) in (* [partition_products seq] builds two polynomials whose product is A(x) from the input shards [seq]. *) let partition_products seq = ShardSet.fold (fun {index; _} (l, r) -> (mul r index, l)) seq (Poly.one, Poly.one) in (* The computation of [p1], [p2] has asymptotic complexity [O((t.max_polynomial_length + t.shard_length) * (t.max_polynomial_length / t.shard_length)) = O(t.max_polynomial_length * t.number_of_shards / t.redundancy_factor)]. It is the most costly operation of this function. *) let p1, p2 = partition_products shards in (* A(x) is the product of [p1] and [p2], and has degree [polynomial_length] *) assert (Poly.degree p1 + Poly.degree p2 = t.max_polynomial_length) ; let mul_domain = Domain.build (2 * t.max_polynomial_length) in let eep_domain = Domain.build t.erasure_encoded_polynomial_length in let a_poly = polynomials_product mul_domain [p1; p2] in assert (Poly.degree a_poly = t.max_polynomial_length) ; (* 2. Computing formal derivative of A(x). *) let a' = Poly.derivative a_poly in (* 3. Computing A'(w^i) = A_i(w^i). In order to compute A_i(x) more efficiently, we use the fact that the formal derivative A'(x) of A(x) satisfies for all i in ⟦0, k-1⟧: A'(x_i) = A_i(x_i). So we can compute (A_i(x_i))_i by evaluating A'(x) at the points (w^i)_i with an FFT. Indeed: A'(x) = (prod_{i=0}^{k-1} (x-x_i))' = sum_{i=0}^{k-1} (x-x_i)' prod_{j=0, j != i}^{k-1} (x-x_j) = sum_{j=0}^{k-1} A_j(x). So A'(x_i) = sum_{j=0}^{k-1} A_j(x_i) = A_i(x_i) as the other polynomials A_j(x) have x_i as root. *) let eval_a' = FFT.fft eep_domain a' in (* 4. Computing N(x) ≔ sum_{i=0}^{k-1} n_i / x_i x^i where n_i ≔ c_i/A_i(x_i) Writing the fraction 1 / (x_i-x) = sum_{j=0}^infty x^j / (x_i^{j+1}) as a formal power series, we obtain P(x) / A(x) = sum_{i=0}^{k-1} n_i / (x-x_i) mod x^k = -sum_{i=0}^{k-1} [sum_{j=0}^{k-1} n_i / (x_i^{j+1}) x^j] = -sum_{i=0}^{k-1} N(w^{-i}) x^i where N(x) ≔ sum_{i=0}^{k-1} n_i / x_i x^i. *) let compute_n t eval_a' shards = let n_poly = Array.init t.erasure_encoded_polynomial_length (fun _ -> Scalar.(copy zero)) in ShardSet.iter (fun {index; } -> for j = 0 to Array.length share - 1 do let c_i = share.(j) in let i = (t.number_of_shards * j) + index in let x_i = Domain.get t.domain_erasure_encoded_polynomial_length i in let tmp = Evals.get eval_a' i in Scalar.mul_inplace tmp tmp x_i ; (* The call below never fails, so we don't catch exceptions. Indeed, [tmp = A_i(x_i)] is a product of nonzero elements and so is itself nonzero (thus invertible). See point 1. *) Scalar.inverse_exn_inplace tmp tmp ; Scalar.mul_inplace tmp tmp c_i ; n_poly.(i) <- tmp done) shards ; Evals.of_array (t.erasure_encoded_polynomial_length - 1, n_poly) in let n_poly = compute_n t eval_a' shards in (* 5. Computing B(x). B(x) = P(x) / A(x) = -sum_{i=0}^{k-1} N(w^{-i}) x^i. B(x) is thus given by the first k components of -n * IFFT_n(N). *) let b = Poly.truncate ~len:t.max_polynomial_length (FFT.ifft_inplace eep_domain n_poly) in Poly.mul_by_scalar_inplace b (Scalar.negate (Scalar.of_int t.erasure_encoded_polynomial_length)) b ; (* 6. Computing Lagrange interpolation polynomial P(x). The product is given by the convolution theorem: P = A * B = IFFT_{2k}(FFT_{2k}(A) o FFT_{2k}(B)) where o is the pairwise product. *) let p = polynomials_product mul_domain [a_poly; b] in (* P has degree [<= max_polynomial_length - 1] so [<= max_polynomial_length] coefficients. *) Ok (Poly.truncate ~len:t.max_polynomial_length p) let commit t p = try Ok (Commitment.commit t.srs.raw.srs_g1 p) with Kzg.Commitment.SRS_too_short _ -> Error (`Invalid_degree_strictly_less_than_expected {given = Poly.degree p; expected = Srs_g1.size t.srs.raw.srs_g1}) let pp_commit_error fmt (`Invalid_degree_strictly_less_than_expected {given; expected}) = Format.fprintf fmt "Invalid degree: expecting input polynomial to commit function to have a \ degree strictly less than %d. Got %d." expected given let string_of_commit_error err = Format.asprintf "%a" pp_commit_error err (* p(X) of degree n. Max degree that can be committed: d, which is also the SRS's length - 1. We take d = t.max_polynomial_length - 1 since we don't want to commit polynomials with degree greater than polynomials to be erasure-encoded. We consider the bilinear groups (G_1, G_2, G_T) with G_1=<g> and G_2=<h>. - Commit (p X^{d-n}) such that deg (p X^{d-n}) = d the max degree that can be committed - Verify: checks if e(commit(p), commit(X^{d-n})) = e(commit(p X^{d-n}), h) using the commitments for p and p X^{d-n}, and computing the commitment for X^{d-n} on G_2. *) (* Proves that degree(p) < t.max_polynomial_length *) (* FIXME https://gitlab.com/tezos/tezos/-/issues/4192 Generalize this function to pass the slot_size in parameter. *) let prove_commitment ({srs = {raw = {srs_g1; _}; _}; max_polynomial_length; _} : t) p = if Srs_g1.size srs_g1 >= max_polynomial_length then Ok (Degree_check.prove ~max_commit:(Srs_g1.size srs_g1 - 1) ~max_degree:(max_polynomial_length - 1) srs_g1 p) else Error (`Invalid_degree_strictly_less_than_expected {given = max_polynomial_length; expected = Srs_g1.size srs_g1}) (* Verifies that the degree of the committed polynomial is < t.max_polynomial_length *) let verify_commitment (t : t) cm proof = let max_allowed_committed_poly_degree = t.max_polynomial_length - 1 in let max_committable_degree = Srs_g1.size t.srs.raw.srs_g1 - 1 in let offset_monomial_degree = max_committable_degree - max_allowed_committed_poly_degree in let srs_0 = Srs_g2.get t.srs.raw.srs_g2 0 in let srs_n_d = Srs_g2.get t.srs.raw.srs_g2 offset_monomial_degree in Degree_check.verify {srs_0; srs_n_d} cm proof let save_precompute_shards_proofs precomputation ~filename = protect (fun () -> Lwt_io.with_file ~mode:Output filename (fun chan -> let open Lwt_result_syntax in let str = Data_encoding.Binary.to_string_exn Encoding.shards_proofs_precomputation_encoding precomputation in let*! () = Lwt_io.write chan str in return_unit)) let hash_precomputation precomputation = let encoding = Data_encoding.Binary.to_bytes_exn Encoding.shards_proofs_precomputation_encoding precomputation in Tezos_crypto.Blake2B.hash_bytes [encoding] let load_precompute_shards_proofs ~hash ~filename () = protect (fun () -> Lwt_io.with_file ~mode:Input filename (fun chan -> let open Lwt_result_syntax in let*! str = Lwt_io.read chan in let precomputation = Data_encoding.Binary.of_string_exn Encoding.shards_proofs_precomputation_encoding str in let* () = match hash with | Some given -> let expected = hash_precomputation precomputation in if Tezos_crypto.Blake2B.equal given expected then return_unit else tzfail (Invalid_precomputation_hash { given = Tezos_crypto.Blake2B.to_string given; expected = Tezos_crypto.Blake2B.to_string expected; }) | None -> return_unit in return precomputation)) let precompute_shards_proofs t = (* Precomputes step. 1 of multiple multi-reveals. *) Kate_amortized.preprocess_multiple_multi_reveals t.kate_amortized let prove_shards t ~precomputation ~polynomial = (* Resizing input polynomial [p] to obtain an array of length [t.max_polynomial_length + 1]. *) let coefficients = Array.init (t.max_polynomial_length + 1) (fun _ -> Scalar.(copy zero)) in let p_length = Poly.degree polynomial + 1 in let p = Poly.to_dense_coefficients polynomial in Array.blit p 0 coefficients 0 p_length ; Kate_amortized.multiple_multi_reveals t.kate_amortized ~preprocess:precomputation ~coefficients let verify_shard (t : t) commitment {index = shard_index; share = evaluations} proof = if shard_index < 0 || shard_index >= t.number_of_shards then Error (`Shard_index_out_of_range (Printf.sprintf "Shard index out of range: got index %d, expected index within \ range [%d, %d]." shard_index 0 (t.number_of_shards - 1))) else let expected_shard_length = t.shard_length in let got_shard_length = Array.length evaluations in if expected_shard_length <> got_shard_length then Error `Shard_length_mismatch else let root = Domain.get t.domain_erasure_encoded_polynomial_length shard_index in let domain = Domain.build t.shard_length in let srs_point = t.srs.kate_amortized_srs_g2_shards in if Kate_amortized.verify t.kate_amortized ~commitment ~srs_point ~domain ~root ~evaluations ~proof then Ok () else Error `Invalid_shard let prove_page t p page_index = if page_index < 0 || page_index >= t.pages_per_slot then Error `Page_index_out_of_range else let wi = Domain.get t.domain_polynomial_length page_index in let quotient, _ = Poly.division_xn p t.page_length_domain (Scalar.negate (Scalar.pow wi (Z.of_int t.page_length_domain))) in commit t quotient (* Parses the [slot_page] to get the evaluations that it contains. The evaluation points are given by the [slot_page_index]. *) let verify_page t commitment ~page_index page proof = if page_index < 0 || page_index >= t.pages_per_slot then Error `Page_index_out_of_range else let expected_page_length = t.page_size in let got_page_length = Bytes.length page in if expected_page_length <> got_page_length then Error `Page_length_mismatch else let domain = Domain.build t.page_length_domain in let evaluations = Array.init t.page_length_domain (function | i when i < t.page_length - 1 -> (* Parse the [page] by chunks of [scalar_bytes_amount] bytes. These chunks are interpreted as [Scalar.t] elements and stored in [evaluations]. *) let dst = Bytes.create scalar_bytes_amount in Bytes.blit page (i * scalar_bytes_amount) dst 0 scalar_bytes_amount ; Scalar.of_bytes_exn dst | i when i = t.page_length - 1 -> (* Store the remaining bytes in the last nonzero coefficient of evaluations. *) let dst = Bytes.create t.remaining_bytes in Bytes.blit page (i * scalar_bytes_amount) dst 0 t.remaining_bytes ; Scalar.of_bytes_exn dst | _ -> Scalar.(copy zero)) in let root = Domain.get t.domain_polynomial_length page_index in if Kate_amortized.verify t.kate_amortized ~commitment ~srs_point:t.srs.kate_amortized_srs_g2_pages ~domain ~root ~evaluations ~proof then Ok () else Error `Invalid_page end include Inner module Verifier = Inner module Internal_for_tests = struct let parameters_initialisation {slot_size; page_size; number_of_shards; redundancy_factor; _} = let length = slot_as_polynomial_length ~slot_size ~page_size in let secret = Scalar.of_string "20812168509434597367146703229805575690060615791308155437936410982393987532344" in let srs_g1 = Srs_g1.generate_insecure length secret in (* The error is caught during the instantiation through [make]. *) let erasure_encoded_polynomial_length = redundancy_factor * length in let evaluations_per_proof = match erasure_encoded_polynomial_length / number_of_shards with | exception Invalid_argument _ -> 0 | x -> x in (* The cryptobox will read at indices `size`, `1 lsl evaluations_per_proof_log` and `page_length` so we take the max + 1. Since `page_length < size`, we can remove the `page_length from the max. *) let srs_g2 = Srs_g2.generate_insecure (max length evaluations_per_proof + 1) secret in {srs_g1; srs_g2} let load_parameters parameters = initialisation_parameters := Some parameters let make_dummy_shards (t : t) ~state = Random.set_state state ; let rec loop index seq = if index = t.number_of_shards then seq else let = Array.init (t.shard_length + 1 + Random.int 100) (fun _ -> Scalar.(random ~state ())) in loop (index + 1) (Seq.cons {index; share} seq) in loop 0 Seq.empty let polynomials_equal = Poly.equal let page_proof_equal = Commitment_proof.equal let alter_page_proof (proof : page_proof) = Commitment_proof.alter_proof proof let alter_shard_proof (proof : shard_proof) = Commitment_proof.alter_proof proof let alter_commitment_proof (proof : commitment_proof) = Commitment_proof.alter_proof proof let minimum_number_of_shards_to_reconstruct_slot (t : t) = t.number_of_shards / t.redundancy_factor let select_fft_domain = FFT.select_fft_domain let precomputation_equal = Kate_amortized.preprocess_equal let reset_initialisation_parameters () = initialisation_parameters := None let dummy_commitment ~state () = Commitment_proof.random ~state () let dummy_page_proof ~state () = Commitment_proof.random ~state () let dummy_shard_proof ~state () = Commitment_proof.random ~state () let make_dummy_shard ~state ~index ~length = {index; share = Array.init length (fun _ -> Scalar.(random ~state ()))} let number_of_pages t = t.pages_per_slot let shard_length t = t.shard_length let dummy_polynomial ~state ~degree = let rec nonzero () = let res = Scalar.random ~state () in if Scalar.is_zero res then nonzero () else res in Poly.init (degree + 1) (fun i -> if i = degree then nonzero () else Scalar.random ~state ()) let srs_size_g1 t = Srs_g1.size t.srs.raw.srs_g1 let = encoded_share_size let ensure_validity {redundancy_factor; slot_size; page_size; number_of_shards} = let open Result_syntax in (let* raw = match !initialisation_parameters with | None -> fail (`Fail "Dal_cryptobox.make: DAL was not initialisated.") | Some srs -> return srs in ensure_validity ~slot_size ~page_size ~redundancy_factor ~number_of_shards ~srs_g1_length:(Srs_g1.size raw.srs_g1) ~srs_g2_length:(Srs_g2.size raw.srs_g2)) |> function | Ok _ -> true | _ -> false let slot_as_polynomial_length = slot_as_polynomial_length end module Config = struct type t = Dal_config.t = { activated : bool; use_mock_srs_for_testing : parameters option; bootstrap_peers : string list; } let encoding : t Data_encoding.t = Dal_config.encoding let default = Dal_config.default let init_dal ~find_srs_files ?(srs_size_log2 = 21) dal_config = let open Lwt_result_syntax in if dal_config.activated then let* initialisation_parameters = match dal_config.use_mock_srs_for_testing with | Some parameters -> return (Internal_for_tests.parameters_initialisation parameters) | None -> let*? srs_g1_path, srs_g2_path = find_srs_files () in initialisation_parameters_from_files ~srs_g1_path ~srs_g2_path ~srs_size_log2 in Lwt.return (load_parameters initialisation_parameters) else return_unit end
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